Islamization Under Zia Ul Haq Essay

When General Zia-ul-Haq took over as the Chief Martial Law Administrator on July 5, 1997, Islamization was given a new boost. General Zia-ul-Haq was a practicing Muslim who raised the slogan of Islam. The Islamic sentiment has always been fully alive in Pakistan. Various governments have used this to their benefit. There are people who doubt Zia’s reasons for raising the Islamic Slogan; whether it was for political purposes to counter balance Bhutto’s appeal or was it to enforce Islam in its true sense. In his first address to the nation, he declared that Islamic laws would be enforced and that earnest attention would be devoted towards establishing the Islamic society for which Pakistan has been created. General Zia wanted to bring the legal, social, economic and political institutions of the country in conformity with the Islamic principles, values and traditions in the light of Quran and Sunnah, to enable the people of Pakistan to lead their lives in accordance to Is lam. On December 2, 1978, General Zia-ul-Haq delivered a nationwide address on the occasion of the first day of theHijra calendar. He did this in order to usher in an Islamic system to Pakistan. In the speech, he accused politicians of exploiting the name of Islam, saying that â€Å"many a ruler did what they pleased in the name of Islam.† After assuming power and arresting former leader Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto on charges of murder, the task that the government was facing was how to gain legitimacy. Since the Islamist parties were already against Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, they had the most influence on Zia-ul-Haq’s government. It was announced the government would enforce Nizam-e-Mustafa (Islamic System), a 180 degree turn from Pakistan’s predominantly parliamentary law, as a preliminary measure to counter what he saw as a lack of true Islam in Pakistan. Sharing the ideology of the Wahabi sect, Zia advocated purging Islam of what he considered to be impurities and innovations. He wanted to create a hard line Sunni Islamist state. His reforms were popular with Hanafi and Shia sects who faced widespread discrimination and human rights abuses during his rule. Significant and systematic changes aimed at Islamizing the legal system were initiated in 1979 and carried out under General Zia-ul-Haq. This process not only introduced religious and gender biases in Pakistan’s laws but also brought about far-reaching institutional changes in the country’s judicial system. Zia’s Islamization drive was ardently supported by religious parties,  particularly the Jamaat-i-Islami (JI), which emerged as one of his regimes key coalition partners. JI’s founder, Maulana Abul Ala Maududi, endorsed Zia’s Islamization efforts and described them â€Å"as the renewal of the covenant between the government of Pakistan and Islam† (Haqqani, 2005, p.139). In turn, Zia’s support and patronage of the JI allowed the party to gain a foothold in the government so much so that crucial ministries, such as the Ministry of Information, were allocated to JI nominees. However, state sponsored Islamization intensified sectarian divisions between the Sunnis and the Shias 1 who opposed the application of the Hanafi fiqh in areas such as Zakat (Islamic tax) rather than Ja’fari fiqh, which they follow. The Tehrik-e-Nifaz-e-Fiqh-e- Jafari (INJF-Movement for the Establishment of the Shia Fiqh) was formed in 1979 and led Shia opposition to some of the measures instituted by Zia (Talbot, 2005). The Islamic conservatism and the Islamic state became Zia’s primary policy of his military government. Intensified Islamic Policies to radicalize the country had the West worried. The secular socialist orientation and socialist economics process was an attempt to upset to Pakistan’s order of operation on a routine life, as Zia maintained. General Zia rejected Bhutto’s philosophy and was reported to highly hostile of Bhutto’s philosophical rationale, â€Å"Food, Clothing, and Shelter.† General Zia defended his policies in an interview in 1979 given to British journalist Ian Stephens, as he puts it. â€Å"The basis of Pakistan was Islam. The basis of Pakistan was Muslims in the subcontinent are a separate culture. It was the Two-Nation Theory that carved out of the subcontinent as Pakistan. Mr. Bhutto’s way of flourishing way of this Society was by eroding its moral fiber. Mr. Bhutto eroded the moral fiber of the society by pitching students against teachers, children against their parents, landlord against tenants, workers against mill owners. Pakistanis not incapable of economic productions. It is because Pakistanis have been made to believe that one can earn without working. We are going back to Islam not by choice but by the force of circumstances. It is not I or my government that is imposing Islam. It was the 99 percent of people wanted; the street violence against Bhutto reflected the people’s desire of wanting just as the campaign for Pakistan Movement. I am just giving the people what they want.† In 1983, Nusrat Bhutto reasoned General Zia’s policies as she puts it: â€Å"The (scream) and the horrors of 1971 war†¦.  are (still) alive and vivid in the hearts and the minds of people of [Pakistan]†¦. Therefore, General Zia insanely†¦. used the â€Å"Islam [card]†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. to ensure the survival of his own regime†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Government of Zia-ul-Haq took a number of steps to eradicate non-Islamic practices from the country. He introduced the Zakat, Usher, Islamic Hadood and Penal code in the country. Prohibition Order Drinking of wine (i.e. all alcoholic drinks) was not a crime at all under the Pakistan Penal Code. In 1977, however, the drinking and selling of wine by Muslims was banned in Pakistan and a sentence of imprisonment of six months or a fine of Rs. 5000/-, or both, was provided in that law. Under the Prohibition Order, these provisions of law were replaced by the punishment of eighty stripes, for which an ijma of the companions of Muhammad ever since the period of the Second Caliph Omar was cited. However, the law does not apply to non-Muslims, who can possess a license to drink and/or manufacture alcoholic beverages from the government. Prayer timings Instructions were issued for regular observance of prayers and arrangements were made for performing noon prayer (Salat Al Zuhur) in government and quasi-government offices and educational institutions, during office hours, and official functions, and at airports, railway stations and bus stops Reverence for fasting Ordinance An â€Å"Ehtram-e-Ramazan† (reverence for fasting) Ordinance was issued providing that complete sanctity be observed during the Islamic month of Ramazan, including the closure of cinema houses three hours after the Maghreb (post-sunset) prayers. Definition of Muslim By amending the constitution, General Zia also provided the following definition of a Muslim and a non-Muslim * (a) â€Å"Muslim† means a person who believes in the unity and oneness of Almighty Allah, in the absolute and unqualified finality of the Prophet hood of Muhammad, the last of the prophets, and does not believe in, or recognize as a prophet or religious reformer, any person who claimed to be a prophet in any sense of the word or of any description, whatsoever, after Muhammad. * (b) â€Å"Non-Muslim† means  a person who is not a Muslim and includes a person belonging to the Christian, Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, or Parsi community, a person of the Qadiani Group or the Lahori Group [i.e. Ahmadis] or a person belonging to any of the scheduled castes. A Federal Shariah Court was established to decide cases according to the teachings of the Holy Quran and Sunnah. Appeals against the Lower and High Courts were to be presented before the Shariah Court for hearing. Blasp hemy of the Holy Prophet (S. A. W.) would now be punishable by death instead of life imprisonment. Zia-ul-Haq selected his Majlis-i-Shoora in 1980. It was to be the Islamic Parliament and act as the Parliament of Pakistan in place of the National Assembly. Most of the members of the Shoora were intellectuals, scholars, ulema, journalists, economists and professionals belonging to different fields of life. The Shoora was to act as a board of advisors for the President. A number of other Islamization programs were carried out including the teaching of Islamic Studies and Arabic, which were made compulsory. Pakistan Studies and Islamic Studies were made compulsorily for B. A., B. Sc., Engineering, M. B. B. S., Commerce, Law and Nursing students. For professional studies, extra marks were given to people who were Hafiz-e-Quran. General Zia-ul-Haq wanted to make Pakistan the citadel of Islam so that it could play an honorable and prominent role for the Islamic world. The steps taken by General Zia were in this direction and had a long-term impact; the Zakat tax introduced by General Zia still holds and so does many of his the other laws. On the other hand Islamization was sometimes used as a political process. Zia’s interpretation of Islam may have contributed to the rise of fundamentalism, obscurantism and retrogression. Since the death of General Zia in 1988, inconsistency and instability has prevailed in Pakistani laws. Instability means that the law is frequently changing or is under threat of change because of differences of opinion among the ruling factions. Three of the most obvious inconsistencies in Zia’s Islamic law are: * Those between legal norms and socially observed norms; * Those between statutory legal norms and the norms applied in practice in the courts (e.g. Hadd is difficult to implement as confession, retraction of confession and strict standards of proof make it difficult to execute); *  Those between different formal legal norms (e.g. non-compliance with the Muslim Family Laws Ordinance is compromised by the courts but is strictly punished under the Zina Ordinance). Another example of this contradiction is that the constitution assures women equal status on the one hand but, on the other hand, they are greatly discriminated in criminal law. http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008316story_16-3-2008_pg3_3 http://ijazulhaq.com/zia/biogrophy1.html http://www.rationalistinternational.net/Shaikh/blasphemy_laws_in_pakistan.htm

Burberry - Luxury brand with global business Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1063 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Burberry was founded in 1856 when Thomas Burberry constructed his first outerwear garments for the sportsmen of Basingstoke, England. Burberry has become a leading luxury brand with a global business. Burberry is a British fashion house manufacturing such as clothing accessories, perfume and cosmetics, jewellery etc. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Burberry Luxury brand with global business Example For Free" essay for you Create order Its distinctive tartan pattern has become one of its most famous widely copied trademarks. The red, camel, black and white lines became synonymous with Burberry and mostly people could recognise this brand when they just see the check.Its trademark products are mostly fashionable handbags and exclusive fragrances. The Creative Director is Christopher Bailey and the current CEO is Angela Ahrendts. The Company owns stores in more than 38 countries around the whole world. In 2008 Burberrys revenues were ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¤995.4 millions. In recent decades, the company has become one of the most popular fashion brands in the world. HM Queen Elizabeth II and HRH The Prince of Wales have granted the company Royal Warrants. The red, camel, black and white lines became synonymous with Burberry and mostly people could recognise this brand when they just see the check. Burberry has as known as the original British luxury brand which placed by the Royal Army. The company is list ed on the London Stock Exchange and is one of the FTSE 100 Index. Company History In 1879, Thomas Burberry invented gabardine a breathable fabric made using an innovative process whereby the yarn was waterproofed before weaving. This fabric was not only water-resistant but also extremely durable. A patent was taken out in 1888. In 1891, Thomas Burberry opened his first shop in London at the Haymarket, now the site of Burberrys corporate headquarters. In 1901, Burberry was commissioned by the War Office to design a new service uniform for British officers, resulting in the trench coat. After the war, the trench coat became popular with civilians. The iconic Burberry check was created in the 1920s and used as a lining in its trench coats.The Burberry Knight logo was developed and registered as a trademark in 1904. New York and Paris opened afterward. During the Second World War, Burberry continued to supply high quality gabardines to servicemen in all branches of the service s for officers. Burberry was first awarded the Royal Warrant from The Queen in 1955. The Burberry check had been primarily used as a coat lining until a presentation was made in 1967, after that the trademark design applied to umbrellas, luggage and scarves products. Burberry was becoming an independent company until 1955, which Great Universal Stores (GUS) took over it. Burberry Group plc was initially started appeared on the London Stock Exchange in July 2002. Accounting Ratios All of the financial data is supplied form the Burberry official web site. Data are all counted as at 31 March of every year. All numbers are presented in 3d.p. form. The currency is GBP in million. Current Assets Ratio = Current Asset : Current Liabilities 2008: pound;588.40 : 436.20 = 1.349 : 1 2009: pound;742.40 : 546.80 = 1.358 : 1 Difference = 1.358 1.349 = pound;0.009 The ratio in 2009 has slightly increased which mean for each pound of current liabilities the business has the higher amount of current asset to return. Acid Test Ratio = Current Assets Inventories : Current liabilities 2008: pound;588.40 268.60 : 436.20 = 0.733 : 1 2009: pound;742.40 262.20 : 546.80 = 0.878 : 1 Difference = 0.878 0.733 = pound;0.145 Current assets are lower than current liabilities in both years. There is about 14 pence more available of current assets to pay each one pound current liabilities without included inventories in year 2009. Gross Profit Ratio = (Gross Profit / Total Revenue) X 100% 2008: (pound;617.70/995.40) X 100% = 62.055% 2009: (pound;665.80/1201.50) X 100% = 55.414% Difference = 55.414 62.055 = -6.641% In 2009, the profit ratio has dropped 6.6% which mean 6.6% of gross profit had decreased inside the total sales. Net Profit Ratio = (Net profit before tax / Total Revenue) X 100% 2008: (pound;195.70/995.40) X 100% = 19.660% 2009: (pound;16.10/1201.50) X 100% = 1.340% Difference = 1.340 19.660 = 18.32% The net profit ratio had dropped sharply by 18.32% which means the revenue contained 18.3% less net profit. Mark up ratio = (Gross Profit / Cost of Goods Sold) X 100% 2008: (pound;617.70/377.70) X 100% = 163.542% 2009: (pound;665.80/535.7) X 100% = 123.823% Difference = 123.823 163.542 = -39.719% The ratio of gross profit to cost of goods sold had decreased by about 40%. Return on Capital Employed = (Net profit before tax/Shareholders funds) X 100 2008: (pound;195.70/495.30) X 100% = 39.511% 2009: (pound;16.10/539.30) X 100% = 2.985% Difference = 2.985 39.511 = -36.526% The ROCE on 2009 2.985% which mean in each pound of shareholders funds, about 3 pence is returned. During 2008 and 2009 the returns had dropped about 37 pence. Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio = (Total Revenue/Fixed Assets) 2008: pound;995.40/364.80 = 2.729 2009: pound;1201.50/383.30 = 3.135 Difference = 3.135 2.729 = 0.406 The turnover ratio in 2009 showed that in each pound of assets value had 3.10 pound returns from the revenue income the ratio return increased about 40 pence. Dividend Yield Ratio = (Dividend per share/Market price per share) X 100% 2008: (pound;0.12/4.50) X 100% = 2.667% 2009: (pound;0.12/2.80) X 100% = 4.276% Difference = 4.276 2.667 = 1.609% The dividend ratio in 2009 showed that for each share will earn 4.276% dividend but raised about 1.6% from last year. Price Earnings Ratio = Market Price per Share / Earnings per Share 2008: pound;4.50/0.32 = 14.062 2009: pound;2.80/0.31 = 9.032 Difference = 9.032 14.062 = -5.03 PER in 2009 showed that for each about 9 pound of share could got 1 pound share earnings and the ratio was about 5 lower than last year. Stock Turnover Ratio = Cost of Goods Sold / Average Stock at Cost 2008: pound;377.70/209.2 = 1.802 2009: pound;535.70/265.6 = 2.017 Difference = 2.017 1.802 = 0.215 Stock turnover ratio had increased by 0.2 from last year. In another word for each pound of stock cost, about 20 pence more will spend on the cost of goods sold. Evaluation Based on the data provided by the site, Burberry has making improvement on sales year by year. This means much more people approbate this brand and enjoy owing it. By looking through the calculation, most ratios didnt seem to have a great difference between years. For the most different gap I think would be the market price per share. It had a huge drop from pound;4.50 from last year to pound;2.80. It was totally affect the net value of the company and the FTSE 100 Index. The main cause of that change was because of the credit crunch in 2008 September. The global share market dipped sharply and millions of people lost their jobs. Those problems engender the crash dive of the currency of Great Britain Pound. However, leading the fashion around the world, Burberry seem did not had a big crash on their retail business. By ceaselessly producing marvellous products, its status would never be affected easily. It is always a representing the classic and modern faction symbol in the UK people thought. People always feel it is a honour to wear Burberry products hence its check and trademark have already emblematise to a luxury logo.

Working in Teams Essay - 992 Words

Martha Villarreal Organizational Behavior and Management June 2, 2013 In viewing the Manager’s Hot Seat: Working in Teams: Cross-Functional, I was able to distinguish the difference between the words team and teamwork. Team refers to a small group of people with complementary skills, who work together to achieve a shared purpose and hold themselves mutually accountable for performance results ( Schermerhorm,2011). In this video, yes there was team that consisted of Rosa Denson, Cheng Jing, Simon Mahoney and Joe Tanney who plays the role of team leader for an assigned high priority project. Working in teams is essential in this age of rapidly changing technology, market-driven decision making, customer sophistication, and employee†¦show more content†¦However, there was no evidence of teamwork in this video. There was no defined process of people working together to accomplish a common goal, which is the definition of teamwork. Instead there was a group of knowledgeable people, who did not want responsibility and had no initiative for such project. In fact, Tuckman’s group development model should have been added to the agenda as a refresher course for all members. Schermerhorn defines Tuckman’s development model in stages. Stage 1 of the model is forming, and this was evident in the beginning of the meeting with the initial formation of the group discussing where tasks are understood by members and resources and information that delegated by the leader, in this case Joe. But it wasn’t long into the meeting where storming was evident. Individuals began to question and challenge the given task. Members disagree on the goal of the team and resist the given task. At this point personal to emotional excuses began to surface. I do not think I witnessed the rest of the stages, except the adjourning part. There was no norming stage where the team moves toward harmonious working practices where there is agreement. In fact, Joe the acting leader had to assign different tasks according to his percepti on of each one. And there was no performing stage displaying functional, interdependent roles that were focused on the performance of the group tasks among the members. In fact, group cohesiveness was notShow MoreRelatedWorking With Teams739 Words   |  3 PagesWorking with teams Working in teams is a common approach that many areas such as schools, workplaces are taking in certain tasks, responsibilities or even special projects. 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Teams differ from other type of groups in that members are focused on a joint goal or product, such as a presentation, completing in-class exercises, taking notes, discussing a topic, writing a report, or creatingRead MoreEssay Working in Teams999 Words   |  4 PagesTeam Members’ Roles Working in teams can be a very effective way to accomplish a large project with less effort on each individual person in the team. The use of teamwork is beneficial because it brings different people together along with their different thought processes, which can bring many different ideas to the table. â€Å"A structurally diverse work group is one in which the members, by virtue of their different organizational affiliations, roles, or positions, can expose the group to uniqueRead MoreMergers Of A Team Working Together Essay1339 Words   |  6 PagesMergers of corporations take a lot of time, consideration, team work, and cohesiveness with team members and groups. Conflict and confrontations will surely arise, but it is up to those in management to learn how to deal with and make sure that everyone and everything operate effectively and orderly. As a team working together, we must present a plan of cohesiveness and put in place the manner of how these goals and plans will be implemented in each department. Clear, concise explanation of reasoningRead MoreHca/230 Working with Teams1113 Words   |  5 PagesWorking With Teams HCA/230 The scenario is inaccurate coding and lack of patient information which delays payments for the doctor. 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Organizations need training programs that improves skills and behaviors that will help the organization achieve its goals, this is created throughout instructional design. In order to determineRead MoreEvaluation Of A Team Working Activities Essay2295 Words   |  10 PagesSimilarly, one thing I came to learn during the module when in a team working activities is that different values are placed by different individual when it comes to interpersonal relations and hence it has to be considered as far as team working is concerned despite the personal penchant. For example, some of my colleagues during the module – and through extending this logically could mean professional colleagues – made it clear how directedness in interpersonal relationship was important, actionRead MoreThe Importance Of Working Together As A Team1195 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction This paper attempts to assess the importance of working together as a team when developing a product or service. The combined efforts from the team members, helped determine the company, the organizational structure, breakdown of responsibilities, what communication methods were used, accountability, challenges, and the overall outcome of the project. It also helped bring together all the components necessary to create the company while learning different methods and practices thatRead MoreTeam Working And Their Advantage And Disadvantage Essay2056 Words   |  9 PagesDefinition of team working and its advantages and disadvantages. 2 2 Functions of team working and different type of teams. 2 3 A theory of team working that details the stage of team development that is typical to any type of team. 2-3 4 List three situations where team working may be appropriate 4-5 5 Different roles within a team and the impact of personality types on a team. 5 6 Impact of effective and ineffective tam members. 6 7 Four core elements required In team development. 6 8 Team leadership

Teaching Critical Thinking Skills Through Different...

Critical thinking can be taught through various strategies within the lesson or it can be taught explicitly as a standalone lesson. Teaching critical thinking to students as a standalone lesson is as popular as reading Shakespeare plays; it just doesn’t work, you don’t get the same outcome. Hence, I will focus on teaching critical thinking skills through different strategies. Current research shows that critical thinking helps students be more successful. Critical thinking helps students make better decisions in and outside of school, and it also helps them to properly analyze and evaluate information. Recently, the Common Core State Standards have emphasized that critical thinking is an interdisciplinary skill crucial for students’ educational success and decision making beyond school years. This is especially important in today’s society, where information is readily available via internet. Students must learn to properly identify faulty information. Ste phen Norris, an educational researcher, states that if students have critical thinking skills they will be able to â€Å"partake rationally in the decision making of a democratic society, thus helping to sustain a democratic way of life† (p.22). Teaching critical thinking is a very difficult task, but by using effective strategies teachers will be able to help more students succeed academically and in life. Therefore, critical thinking needs to happen every day in the classroom. In order to effectively teach critical thinking,Show MoreRelatedTeaching : Teaching Critical Thinking Skills1448 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: TEACHING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN THE CLASSROOM 1 Teaching Critical Thinking Skills in the Classroom Patty J. Watson Lindenwood University â€Æ' TEACHING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN THE CLASSROOM 2 Abstract This paper discusses the planning and execution of the concept-attainment strategy of teaching. The strategy has been found to be useful at all age levels and across all subject areas. The use of this strategy is not onlyRead MoreThe Importance Of Teaching Critical Thinking Skills1318 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' TEACHING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN THE CLASSROOM 3 Teaching Critical-Thinking Skills in the Classroom When a person speaks of being â€Å"critical† today, it is often thought of as a negative thing. What many people don’t realize is that thinking critically is how we determine right from wrong, or something as simple as which fruit to purchase at the supermarket. We draw upon what we know and compare that to what is in order to make a decision. Students often lack critical-thinkingRead MoreWhat Is Intentional Teaching?1147 Words   |  5 PagesIntentional Teaching? Intentional teaching is based on using a holistic and purposeful approach to teaching in the classroom. This holistic approach supports students as they work towards skill and content mastery, while also using instructional strategies that develop students’ critical thinking skills and provide classroom environments where students feel safe to express and communicate their ideas about math. Successful intentional teaching begins with planning to meet learning objectives through lessonsRead MoreImproving Reading Comprehension and Critical Thinking Skills in Middle School Students1566 Words   |  7 Pagesand eighth grade reading classes can be taken as an elective class. I strongly feel that all students in middle school still need guidance and continuous practice with reading comprehension and critical thinking skills. Students who are beyond a sixth grade reading class are not getting these reading skills that can be applied in all other academic classes. As a teacher I c an not change the fact that the school principal has decided that students in seventh and eighth grade are not required to takeRead MoreEvaluate How To Communicate And Integrated Case Study991 Words   |  4 Pagessubject matter can enhance problem- solving, critical thinking, and other 21st-century skills. Goal: The goal of our research study was to understand how the incorporation and implementation of the use of technology to create a blended professional learning community across districts within our state to share knowledge with fellow faculty on how a deeper understanding of subject matter can enhance problem- solving, critical thinking, and other 21st-century skills. Discuss how you could incorporate andRead MoreThe Good Teacher Is An Essential Part Of A Learning1119 Words   |  5 Pagesstudents will need creativity, problem-solving skills, a hunger for learning, and a devoted work attitude and lifelong learning opportunities. Students can develop these abilities through teachers based on Best Practice teaching strategies. Best practices are an essential part of a list that examples the connection and significance alike in educational research. They develop thinking and problem-solving skill through active learning. Interactions are built through chances for communication and cooperationRead MoreA Study On Teaching And Learning Concept1576 Words   |  7 PagesTeaching/Learning Concept There is some debate about whether great teachers are born or made. Parker Palmer believed that it is â€Å"the human heart†¦ [not] technique†, which is the source of a good teacher (Penn, 2008, p. 22). Contrarily, a study done by Dr. Sean Ruday Dr. Peter Wiens for the journal Issues in Teacher Education, found that specific innate personality traits were not necessary to be a good teacher, rather engaging and relevant work and structure and organization (Longwood UniversityRead MoreReflective Practice in the Classroom1629 Words   |  7 Pagesprofessionals have adopted it in order to improve their practice, but for educators reflection involves â€Å"critical thinking† about past experiences or current experiences that occur or are occurring in classroom settings and looking at them in a positive light on how to make improvements for their teaching techniques and smooth the progress of children’s learning. But reflection is not an innovation in teachin g, it has its roots in the work of a number of educational theorists for over 60 years such as DeweyRead MoreExploring Strategies for Teaching Essay1189 Words   |  5 PagesTeaching is a strategizing act of service. 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These standards are: represent addition and subtraction with objects

Family Free Essays

I live in a large family. There are eight members in it. They are my father, my mother, my grand-father, my grand-mother, myself, my brother and my two sisters. We will write a custom essay sample on Family or any similar topic only for you Order Now The member of my family: The name of my father is Shri Narottam Nayak. He is a farmer. He works in the field. My mother lives inside the house. She cooks food for us. She looks after the household. The names of my two sisters are Jhilli and Milli. They help my mother in her household work. My brother is youner than I. His name is Shri Nabe Kishore Nayak. He reads in Class. VII in our Village M. E. School. I am a student of Class X and I read in the M. S. Academy, Tirtol. The house where I live with my family: The house where we live is made of mud and wattle. The whole structure is supported by the wooden pillars. There are a lot of rooms in my house. These are two sleeping-rooms, one store-room one study, one drawing-room and a kitchen. Outside the rooms there is a cow-shed and a shed for the thrashing horse. There is a very spacious courtyard in my house area. Financial condition: My father earns about four thousand rupees a year from his field. We manage somehow with this small income. My mother is a very careful lady. She takes much care so that no unnecessary wastage is possible in our family. We get milk from our cows. From our garden we get fruits and vegetables. Food and dress habits: Generally, we eat cooked food like rice, dal, curry, fry, toast, roast, milk and tea. My mother likes to eat rice water. Our Tiffin include beaten rice, fried rice, wheat bread, cakes and milk-products. None in my family has taken to any kind of narcotic except my grand father who under necessity takes a little opium everyday in the evening. Our clothing are no better than the common countryside clothing of Orissa. My father and grand-father wear cotton clothes. My mother and grand-mother wear cotton sarees. I put on a half pant and a shirt. My brother also puts on as I do. My sisters put on frocks and pants. Conclusion: The fountain of affection is ever flown in our family. We have pure love and ffection for one another. My mother serves my grand-father and grand mother with full devotion of heart. My grand-father and grand mother are very affectionate people. There is complete accord between my father and mother and among all of us. My father works day and night to maintain our family. He never does anything without consulting my mother, grand mother and grand father. We, the children, are very serviceable to all in my family. We like one another and help one another. My family is no doubt a happy family. How to cite Family, Essays Family Free Essays Nick Vehlewald Mrs. Stotler English 110. 4 17 October 2012 Family Dynamics The way a family works has changed in the last decade or two. We will write a custom essay sample on Family or any similar topic only for you Order Now Back when this generations parents were kids and even when their parents were young, it is very different than young people today. A perfect example would be the television show â€Å"Leave it to Beaver†, which aired in 1957. It was about the Cleavers, an All American Family, trying to keep their youngest son Theodore â€Å"Beaver† out of trouble. He always finds his way into trouble, at the end of the episode his parents always help him by giving him advice an good life lessons. That show represents how families were close and protected each other. Now, in the 21st century, many families and even communities are not as close. There are less family nights, and some kids do not even go to the parents for help or to talk to, and neighborhoods are neither as safe nor a community as they were, where kids will be playing outside and parents don’t have to stress about the kids getting hurt or lost. Kids rely on social media to express their feelings instead of talking to their parents on what is occurring in their life. One of the main reasons of family destruction is divorce. Gathered research from Oregon State University states â€Å"Divorces’ have increased 22% since 1980 in the United States† (23). Children did not have to deal with that in the past generations. That is the most prevalent occurrence in society today. This did not happen before because divorce was not socially acceptable back then. Society used to believe that marriage was permanent and spouses were meant to stay together no matter the reason. The traditional family structure in the US is considered a family support system involving two married individuals providing care and stability for their biological offspring, however this type of family has become less prevalent, and other family forms have become relevant. In the television show â€Å"Leave it to Beaver† every show was family oriented. It was like watching a real family working through the trials and ribulations that every family will go through on a regular basis. What was different about this family than a real family was that everything always ended on a positive note, the mother and father solving or fixing the problem and helping their children. That did not always work in the real life. Sometimes fights will last a couple hours, days or weeks. People watching the show did not understand that concept. They see the Cleavers being able to work out similar problems but in their household it isn’t that easy. So families and most part parents, would get frustrated and think that they are not a well functioning family. â€Å"There are over 4600 traits and in a family, all traits are demonstrated by the family members. Wherever you have chaos, someone else will have order. Wherever you have order, someone else will have chaos† (1). This is just how a family works, you have to deal with each others differences and still love each and every member. Families have big issues with trying to be perfect, but they need to understand that individuals cannot expect their family to act and function like an artificial one. The biggest change in family dynamics in the past decades are, moms used to be at home cooking and cleaning doing the responsibilities around the house. That is not the case any more. Mothers are in the work force, doing their part for the family. â€Å"Employment rate of woman since the 1950’s has risen 74%, for full time jobs, and 29% part time jobs† (1). This was never the case before, it was always the father’s job to work and make the money to provide for the family. It has changed drastically since WWII. â€Å"In a study conducted by the Center for American Progress in 2010, only 27. percent of homes in the US had caregiver. Compared to 1975 where more than half the homes had a care giver†(32). The father figure has been affected so much that there are even stay-at-home dads now, where the mother would work and the father would take care of the domestic duties. Stay-at-home dads are fathers that do not participate in the labor market and raise their children. They are the male equivalent to housewives. This is not as popular in American society. There are estimated 105,000 stay-at-home dads in the US today. He would have been a disgrace to the workingman sixty years ago. The main reason for the advancement of mothers in society was woman’s goals have changed drastically. Shifting from the typical housewife that does the cooking, washing, and cleaning, to powerful women that are standing up for them and joining the male society in working for a living. Since then women have been making there way into the workforce, by proving themselves with valuable resource that will help them in every day life. There are a voluminous amount of jobs that women could do a lot better than a man because of what they know and the experiences they have had. For instance, making clothing, cooking in a restaurant, and money management. Women are changing the workforce, something that know one would have predicted. The men were always know as the breadwinners of the family but women are taking advantage of the women movement to become financially independent. Also others things have occurred in this day that have never been dealt with before. Same sex marriage. This is something know one has seen before or had to deal with in the past decades. The common way was a man marries a woman; they have children and live happily ever after. There was no such thing as gay marriage or partnerships between two men or two women. This is a huge difference then what the generations before us are used to. The changing times are moving to fast for some people and they can not get used to the idea of two men or two woman raising children. This changes the lives of the kids drastically. They grow up thinking that they have two mommies or daddies and it is perfectly ok and normal, but what they do not know is that they are unique. They will grow up and have a whole different perspective on life, from being raised in such a different family life. The kids will be very confused growing up in this world. Seeing all other kids with a mom and a dad and wondering why they are different. The children are discriminated against for having same sex parents. â€Å"Nationally, 66% female couples, 44% males couples live with children under eighteen years of age† (5). America needs to adapt to the changing times and understand it is not going to be the same as it used to be. How to cite Family, Papers

Macbeth Gender Analysis free essay sample

William Shakespeare’s play that focuses around themes of murder and deception, gender stereotypes of the time are referenced frequently in the plot. In the first act of the play, women and men have specific attributes that characters base a lot of personal decisions off of and use to manipulate other characters. Macbeth, a man who the play focuses on, is at an eternal internal conflict between good or bad actions. Many of his evil decisions are based or rationalized upon his perception of â€Å"manliness† he must fulfill and his impression that to be a man, he must murder and be courageous. Lady Macbeth, a woman who is a fierce and has â€Å"masculine† character, uses her perception of gender roles to encourage her thoughts of murder and convince Macbeth to commit the murder. Men should be courageous and fierce whilst ladies should not be in Macbeth. When Lady Macbeth hears that her husband may be king, she concludes that it is necessary to murder the present king to fulfill his destiny. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth Gender Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Deciding to put aside her natural femininity, she goes on planning the necessary killing and screams, â€Å"You spirits / that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, / and fill me from the crown to the toe top-full / of direst cruelty† (1. 5. 38-41). Judging from this statement said to encourage her evil thoughts, Lady Macbeth is wishing that spirits or the supernatural come and take away her femininity and replace it with cruelness or, in her mind, manliness. Later on, she proposes to Macbeth the plan to murder the king. Her husband is hesitant so she becomes manipulative claiming that to uphold your manhood, one must be cruel. â€Å"When you durst do it, then you were a man† (1. 7. 49), exclaims Lady Macbeth to Macbeth. Both Lady Macbeth and her husband know that men are supposed to be cruel and they both know that Lady Macbeth’s personality is especially â€Å"manly† and fierce. Using gender to justify or encourage murder was something these characters did within the first few acts and something that other characters will also refer to when they need that extra push to be murderous.

Eve And Pandora Essays - Adam And Eve, Bereshit, Book Of Genesis

Eve And Pandora Historically, women have been viewed as the downfall of mankind. Temptation, lust, and vanity are the detriments supposedly beset by the first woman. Whether Eve or Pandora came first is irrelevant. They will be remembered as the ones responsible for ruining man and mankind forever. However, both stories should be explored to determine if the myths hold some truth or if it just the result of a sexist storyteller in a male dominated society during biblical times. In the story of Adam and Eve, woman is created merely from the rib of Adam. In the book of Genesis, it says, ?So the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon man, and he slept; then he took one of his ribs and closed up its place with flesh. And the rib that the Lord God had taken from the man he made into a woman and brought her to the man. Then the man said, ?This at last is bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh; this one shall be called Woman, for out of Man this one was taken.'?(Genesis, 2:21). Since man was created in the image of God, Eve should not be held completely accountable as the root of all evil. We can derive from this story, however, that because Eve was made from only part of Adam, that she is the weaker sex. Once the serpent had swayed her judgment to indulge in tasting the forbidden fruit, it is thought that she used her charm and grace to persuade Adam to do likewise. The ultimate source of evil was not actually Eve, but the serpent. The serpent, in my opinion, should be the one viewed as cruel and unjust. Eve had no intent on eating the fruit if the serpent didn't try to persuade her. One also has to wonder if the serpent had tried to tempt Adam and if he would have been swayed just the same as Eve. Who is to say that if the roles were reversed that Adam would not have persuaded Eve just the same? Adam ate the fruit after just a little coaxing from Eve, so in my opinion, he was just as at fault as Eve. If it had been Adam who had 2 been confronted by the serpent, I am sure that the story would have had just about the same outcome. Therefore, it is hypocritical to say that Eve was at fault for the destruction of man when Adam may have done the same exact thing in the same situation. Furthermore, Adam ate of the fruit, which makes him to blame as well. Pandora, the quintessential woman, epitomizes everything beautiful and mysterious for man to possess. Created from the best features from each of the gods, she is also the backlash and revenge to befall man due to the fire that was stolen. The box or jar rather, is supposedly filled with manipulation and corruption. As some strange quirk of fate, hope was thrown into the box, which does not escape. Is ?hope' an element within evil? I believe it is conceivable that true evil is flawed with the concept that hope can always cause its demise. Perhaps it was placed in the box simply to make the audience examine where hope lies within themselves. It is also possible that hope was misplaced by the miraculous and marvelous gods. Are the gods liable for all of this anarchy? Is God at fault for having all of this in his divine prophecy? None of this calamity would have happened at all if the gods or God had not intervened in the first place. When God told Adam and Eve not to take from the tree of knowledge, he knew that, out of curiosity, they would partake in the tasty treat. Not to mention the serpent who was created by none other than God himself. The gods, in the other story, created all of the terrible things and are also at fault for what took place. The only thing that makes these gods different is the cause of their actions. Whereas God put Eve on earth to accompany Adam, Zeus' actions were more out of 3 spite. Zeus was an